10. References

Chapter 1: Our Vsion: A Need for Reappraisal

My Reflections on BAT's Smokeless World

[1] Reitsma, M.B., et al., Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 2021. 397(10292): p. 2337-2360 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01169-7

[2] Word Health Organization, WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. 2021. Available at: https://www.paho.org/en/node/82149 (Accessed: 22 July 2024)

Chapter 1: Our Vision: A Need for Reappraisal

Our Strategy

[1] World Health Organization, WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. 2021. Available at: https://www.paho.org/en/node/82149 (Accessed: 22 July 2024)

[2] Combined Annual and Sustainability Report, Building a Smokeless World. 2023, BAT. Available at: https://www.bat.com/content/dam/batcom/global/main-nav/investors-and-reporting/reporting/combined-annual-and-esg-report/BAT_Annual_Report_Form_20-F_2023.pdf

[3] Wheaton, K., A Purposeful and Profitable Pathway to A Better Tomorrow. BAT Investor Presentation, Barclays Global Consumer Staples Conference - 5 September, 2023. Available at: https://www.bat.com/content/dam/batcom/global/main-nav/investors-and-reporting/investor-presentations/Presentation-slides-40-mb.pdf

[4] U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Nicotine is Why Tobacco Products are Addictive. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/healtheffects-tobacco-use/nicotine-why-tobacco-products-are-addictive#:~:text=2-,What%20Makes%20Tobacco%20Use%20Harmful%3F,in%20some%20e%2Dcigarette%20aerosols. (Accessed: 1 August 2024).

Chapter 1: Our Vision: A Need for Reappraisal

Our Vision for a Smokeless World

[1] Combined Annual and Sustainability Report, Building a Smokeless World. BAT, 2023. Available at: https://www.bat.com/content/dam/batcom/global/main-nav/investors-and-reporting/reporting/combined-annual-and-esg-report/BAT_Annual_Report_Form_20-F_2023.pdf

[2] Institute of Medicine Staff, Clearing the smoke: assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction. National Academies Press, 2001. DOI: 10.17226/10029

[3] Forster, M., et al., Assessment of novel tobacco heating product THP1.0. Part 3: Comprehensive chemical characterisation of harmful and potentially harmful aerosol emissions. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2018. 93:14-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.006

[4] Pinto, M. I., et al., Chemical characterisation of the vapour emitted by an e-cigarette using a ceramic wick-based technology. Sci Rep, 2022. 12(1):16497. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19761-w

[5] Azzopardi, D., et al., Chemical characterization of tobacco-free "modern" oral nicotine pouches and their position on the toxicant and risk continuums. Drug Chem Toxicol, 2022. 45(5):2246-2254. DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1925691

[6] Human D., et al., Saving Lives Like Sweden. Smoke Free Sweden 2023, 2023. Available at: https://smokefreesweden.org/wp-content/themes/smokefreesweden/assets/pdf/reports/Report_SAVING%20LIVES%20LIKE%20SWEDEN.pdf

[7] Wheaton, K., A Purposeful and Profitable Pathway to A Better Tomorrow. Investor Presentation, Barclays Global Consumer Staples Conference - 5 September, 2023. Available at: https://www.bat.com/content/dam/batcom/global/main-nav/investors-and-reporting/investor-presentations/Presentation-slides-40-mb.pdf

Chapter 2: The Big Questions

What is Tobacco Harm Reduction?

[1] Institute of Medicine Staff, Clearing the smoke: assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction. National Academies Press, 2001. DOI: 10.17226/10029

[2] Bates, C., Regulation: Why less is more. E-cigarette summit, 2013. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ecigarette-summit-12-novem/28364227#11 (Accessed: 4 July 2024)

[3] Russell, M. J., Low-tar medium nicotine cigarettes: a new approach to safer smoking. Br Med J, 1976. 1(6023): p.1430-1433. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6023.1430 (Accessed: 30 July 2024)

[4] Human D., et al., The Swedish experience: a roadmap to a smoke free society. Smoke Free Sweden 2023, 2023. Available at: https://smokefreesweden.org/wp-content/themes/smokefreesweden/assets/pdf/reports/Report%20The%20Swedish%20Experience%20EN.pdf

[5] McNeill, A. and Munafò, M.R., Reducing harm from tobacco use. J Psychopharmacol, 2013. 27(1): p. 13-18. DOI: 10.1177/0269881112458731

[6] Fagerström, K.O. and Bridgman, K., Tobacco harm reduction: the need for new products that can compete with cigarettes. Addict Behav, 2014. 39(3): p. 507-511. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.002

[7] McNeill A., et al., E-cigarettes: an evidence update. Public Health England, 2015. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/e-cigarettes-an-evidence-update

[8] Balfour, D.J., et al., Balancing consideration of the risks and benefits of e-cigarettes. Am J Public Health, 2021. 111(9): p. 1661-1672. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416

[9] TobaccoIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for Alternative Tobacco & Nicotine Products, Nicotine Pouch Market Database, Quarter 1 Report. 2024.

[10] TobaccoIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for Alternative Tobacco & Nicotine Products, Heated Tobacco Market Database, Quarter 1 Report. 2024.

[11] ECigIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for the e-Cigarette Sector, ECigIntelligence market database, July Report. 2024.

[12] Lindblom, E.N., What Is “Appropriate for the Protection of the Public Health” Under the US Tobacco Control Act?. Food Drug Law J, 2019. 74(4): p. 523-585. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27007713

[13] Hatsukami, D.K. and Carroll, D.M., Tobacco harm reduction: past history, current controversies and a proposed approach for the future. Prev Med, 2020. 140: p.106099. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106099

[14] Greek Law 4715/2020, (Article 36), Available at: https://www.kodiko.gr/nomothesia/document/634794/nomos-4715-2020

[15] BAT Announcement, Scientific Decision for glo™ neo classic tobacco. 2024. ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΗ ΑΠΟΦΑΣΗ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ glo™ neo classic tobacco – Blog (discoverglo.gr) (Accessed: 26 July 2024)

[16] PMI Science, Greek Ministry of Health approves differentiated health claims for heated tobacco products, including THS. 2023. https://www.pmiscience.com/en/smoke-free/tobacco-regulation/greece-approves-health-claims-heated-tobacco/

Chapter 2: The Big Questions

What are the Desired Outcomes of THR?

[1] Balfour, D.J., et al., Balancing consideration of the risks and benefits of e-cigarettes. Am J Public Health, 2021. 111(9): p. 1661-1672. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416

[2] World Health Organization, Tobacco-free generations: Protecting children from tobacco in the WHO European Region. 2017. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/librariesprovider2/euro-health-topics/tobacco/20170428_who-tobaccofreegeneration-draft09.pdf?sfvrsn=76e790c9_2&download=true

[3] Hatsukami, D.K. and Carroll, D.M., Tobacco harm reduction: past history, current controversies and a proposed approach for the future. Prev Med, 2020. 140: p. 106099. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106099

[4] International and Local Tobacco Harm Reduction Experts, Report: Integrating harm reduction into tobacco control. Lives Saved. Available at: https://smokefreesweden.org/lives-saved.pdf

Chapter 2: The Big Questions

What Current Progress is being made on Global THR?

[1] World Health Organization, WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. 2021. Available at: https://www.paho.org/en/node/82149 (Accessed: 22 July 2024)

[2] TobaccoIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for Alternative Tobacco & Nicotine Products, Nicotine Pouch Market Database, Quarter 1 Report. 2024

[3] TobaccoIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for Alternative Tobacco & Nicotine Products, Heated Tobacco Market Database, Quarter 1 Report. 2024

[4] ECigIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for the e-Cigarette Sector, ECigIntelligence market database, July Report. 2024

[5] International and Local Tobacco Harm Reduction Experts, Report: Integrating harm reduction into tobacco control. Lives Saved. Available at: https://smokefreesweden.org/lives-saved.pdf

[6] World Health Organization, Tobacco in China. Available at: https://www.who.int/china/healthtopics/tobacco#:~:text=There%20are%20more%20than%20300,world%20is%20smoked%20in%20China

[7] Statistics Norway, Tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. Available at: https://www.ssb.no/en/helse/helseforhold-og-levevaner/statistikk/roykalkohol-og-andre-rusmidler (Accessed: 22 July 2024)

[8] CDC, Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States. Available at:https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm(Accessed: 17 July 2024)

[9] Kramarow E.A. and Elgaddal N. Current Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults Aged 18 and Over: United States, 2021. NCHS Data Brief, no 475. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2023. DOI: 10.15620/cdc:129966

[10] NHS, Vaping myths and facts. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/vaping-to-quit-smoking/vaping-myths-and-the-facts/ (Accessed 15 July 2024)

[11] Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), Use of e-cigarettes (vapes) among adults in Great Britain. 2023. Available at: https://ash.org.uk/uploads/Use-of-e-cigarettes-among-adults-in-Great-Britain-2023.pdf?v=1691058248

[12] Global Action to End Smoking, State of Smoking and Health in Japan. Available at: https://globalactiontoendsmoking.org/research/tobacco-around-the-world/japan/ (Accessed: 17 July 2024)

[13] Euromonitor International, Market Sizes, Cigarettes – Japan, Tobacco: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics (Accessed 5 August 2024)

[14] Euromonitor International, Market Sizes, Heated Tobacco – Japan, Tobacco: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics (Accessed 5 August 2024)

Chapter 3: Impact of Smoking

Smoking: A Global Overview

[1] World Health Organization, WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. 2021. Available at: https://www.paho.org/en/node/82149 (Accessed: 22 July 2024)

[2] World Health Organization, WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000–2030. 2024. Available at: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/375711/9789240088283-eng.pdf?sequence=1

[3] Reitsma, M.B., et al., Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 2021. 397(10292): p. 2337-2360 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01169-7

[4] World Health Organization, WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. 2021. Available at: https://www.paho.org/en/node/82149 (Accessed: 22 July 2024)

[5] Word Health Organization, WHO report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use. 2024. Available at: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/375711/9789240088283-eng.pdf?sequence=1

Chapter 3: Impact of Smoking

Combusting Tobacco & Cigarette Smoke

[1] International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 3308:2012: Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine – Definitions and standard conditions. 2012. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/60404.html

[2] International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 20778:2018: Cigarettes – Routine analytical cigarette smoking machine – Definitions and standard conditions with an intense smoking regime. 2018. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/69065.html

[3] IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking (No. 83). World Health Organization and International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2004. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK316407/

[4] Jenkins, R.A., et al., Mainstream and sidestream smoke. In The chemistry of environmental tobacco smoke: composition and measurement (2nd ed.), CRC Press, 2000. p 49-75. DOI: 10.1201/9781482278651

[5] Rodgman, A. and Perfetti, T.A., The chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke. CRC press, 2008. DOI: 10.1201/9781420078848

[6] Baker R.R., A review of pyrolysis studies to unravel reaction steps in burning tobacco. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 1987. 11: p 555-573.

[7] Baker, R.R., Combustion and thermal decomposition regions inside a burning cigarette. Combust Flame, 1977. 30: p.21-32. DOI: 10.1016/0010-2180(77)90048-7

[8] Oxford English Dictionary online, Available at: https://www.oed.com/dictionary/pyrolysis_n?tab=meaning_and_use (Accessed: 28 June 2024)

[9] Baker, R.R., Product formation mechanisms inside a burning cigarette. Progr Energ Combust, 1981. 7(2): p. 135-153. DOI: 10.1016/0360-1285(81)90008-3

[10] Benowitz, N.L., et al., Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers. In Nicotine psychopharmacology. Springer, 2009. p. 29-60. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69248-5_2

[11] Committee on Passive Smoking, Board of Environmental Studies and Toxicology and National Research Council, Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring exposures and assessing health effects, National Academies Press, 1986. Available at: https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/943/environmental-tobacco-smoke-measuring-exposures-and-assessing-health-effects

[12] Baker, R.R. and Proctor, C.J., The origins and properties of environmental tobacco smoke. Environ Int, 1990. 16(3): p.231-245. DOI: 10.1016/0160-4120(90)90117-O

Chapter 3: Impact of Smoking

Health Impacts of Smoking

[1] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44695/ (Accessed 16 August 2024)

[2] IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking (No. 83). World Health Organization and International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2004. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK316407/ (Accessed 16 August 2024)

[3] Jenkins, R.A., et al., Mainstream and sidestream smoke. In The chemistry of environmental tobacco smoke: composition and measurement (2nd ed.), CRC Press, 2000. p 49-75. DOI: 10.1201/9781482278651

[4] Rodgman, A. and Perfetti, T.A., The chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke. CRC press, 2008. DOI: 10.1201/9781420078848

[5] American Lung Association. State of Tobacco Control, 10 of the Worst Diseases Smoking Causes. 2024. Available at: https://www.lung.org/research/sotc/by-the-numbers/10-worst-diseases-smoking-causes (Accessed 12 August 2024)

[6] World Health Organization, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd) (Accessed 12 August 2024)

[7] World Health Organization, Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovasculardiseases-(cvds) (Accessed 12 August 2024)

[8] World Health Organization, Cancer. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer (Accessed 12 August 2024)

[9] Cancer Research UK, How does smoking cause cancer? Available at: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/smoking-and-cancer/how-does-smoking-cause-cancer#tobaccorefs0(Accessed 19 July 24)

[10] World Health Organization, Tobacco. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco (Accessed 1 July 2024)

[11] United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Smoking Tobacco

Use Prevalence 1990-2019. Available at: https://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/ihme-data/gbd-2019-smoking-tobacco-use-prevalence-1990-2019 (Accessed 16 August 2024)

[12] Doll R., et al., Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. Br Med J, 2004. 328(7455): p. 1519. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE

Chapter 5: Our Smokeless Products

A Better Tomorrow^™ for Consumers

[1] BAT, Responsible Marketing Principles. Available at: https://www.bat.com/content/dam/batcom/global/main-nav/sustainability-esg/governance---ethics/BAT_Responsible_Marketing_Principles.pdf

[2] BAT, Responsible Marketing Code. Available at: https://www.bat.com/content/dam/batcom/global/main-nav/sustainability-esg/governance---ethics/BAT_Responsible_Marketing_Code.pdf

Chapter 5: Our Smokeless Products

Tobacco Harm Reduction: Risk Perceptions

[1] Paek, H.J., and Hove, T., Risk perceptions and risk characteristics. In Oxford research encyclopedia of communication, 2017. DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.283

[2] Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), Use of e-cigarettes (vapes) among adults in Great Britain. 2023. Available at: https://ash.org.uk/uploads/Use-of-e-cigarettes-among-adults-in-Great-Britain-2023.pdf

[3] Toll, B.A., et al., Nicotine e-cigarettes: considerations for healthcare providers. Nat Med, 2024. 30: p. 1513–1514. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02926-7

[4] Denlinger-Apte, R.L., et al., Risk perceptions of low nicotine cigarettes and alternative nicotine products across priority smoking populations. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021. 18(10): p. 5311. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105311

[5] Goulette, M.R., et al., Perceptions of harmfulness of heated tobacco and nicotine vaping products compared to cigarettes, and the association of advertising exposure on harm perceptions among adults who smoke in South Korea: Cross-sectional findings from the 2020 ITC Korea Survey. Tob Induc Dis, 2023. 21:121. DOI: 10.18332/tid/170252

[6] Wackowski, O.A., et al., Smokers' sources of e-cigarette awareness and risk information. Prev Med Rep, 2015. 2: p. 906-910. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.10.006

[7] Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel, Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. US Department of Health and Human Service: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2008. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK63952/ (Accessed: 30 July 2024)

[8] Delnevo, C.D., et al., Communication Between US Physicians and Patients Regarding Electronic Cigarette Use. JAMA Netw Open, 2022. 5(4): p. e226692. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6692

[9] Otsuka Y., et al., Awareness, Attitudes, and Concerns Regarding Heated Tobacco Products Among Physicians in Japan. J Epidemiol, 2023. 33(9): p. 441-449. DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20210470

[10] Otsuka, Y., et al., Prevalence, knowledge, and concerns regarding the use of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes among young Japanese physicians. Tob Induc Dis, 2024. 22. DOI: 10.18332/tid/178508

[11] Department of Health and Social Care, Press release: Smokers urged to swap cigarettes for vapes in world first scheme’ Press Release. Gov.UK,

2023. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/smokers-urged-to-swap-cigarettes-for-vapes-in-world-first-scheme (Accessed: 30 July 2024)

[12] McNeill, A., et al., Nicotine vaping in England: an evidence update including health risks and perceptions. Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 2022. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/633469fc8fa8f5066d28e1a2/Nicotine-vaping-in-England-2022-report.pdf

[13] Bover Manderski, M.T., et al., Persistent misperceptions about nicotine among US physicians: results from a randomized survey experiment. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021. 18(14): p. 7713. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147713

[14] Steinberg, M.B., et al., Nicotine risk misperception among US physicians. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2021. 36(12): p. 3888-3890. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06172-8

[15] BAT, THR Perceptions Presentation, Unpublished, 1 June 2024

Chapter 6: THR: A Global Transformation

Smokeless Products: Market Access

[1] Bates, C., Regulation: Why less is more. E-cigarette summit, 2013. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ecigarette-summit-12-novem/28364227 (Assessed 4 July 2024)

[2] Global Tobacco Control, Heated Tobacco, Available at: https://www.globaltobaccocontrol.org/en/policy-scan/heated-tobacco/sale (Accessed 19 August 2024)

[3] BAT Internal CORA Data

[4] Global Tobacco Control, Country Laws Regulating E-Cigarettes, Available at: https://www.globaltobaccocontrol.org/en/policy-scan/e-cigarettes/sale (Accessed 19 August 2024)

[5] Global Tobacco Control, Nicotine Pouches, Available at: https://www.globaltobaccocontrol.org/en/policy-scan/nicotine-pouches/sale (Accessed 19 August 2024)

Chapter 6: THR: A Global Transformation

Japan: A Heated Products Story

[1] Euromonitor International, Market Sizes, Cigarettes – Japan, Tobacco: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics (Accessed 5 August 2024)

[2] Euromonitor International, Market Sizes, Heated Tobacco – Japan, Tobacco: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics (Accessed 5 August 2024)

[3] Forey, B., et al., Japan in International Smoking Statistics: A collection of historical data from 30 economically developed countries (2nd ed), Oxford University Press, 2002. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198508564.001.0001

[4] Otsuka Y. et al., Comparison of the responses of cross-sectional web- and paper-based surveys on lifestyle behaviors of Japanese adolescents, Prev Med Rep, 2023. 36: p. 102462. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102462

[5] Xu, S.S., et al., Reasons for Regularly Using Heated Tobacco Products among Adult Current and Former Adult smokers in Japan: Finding from 2018 ITC Japan Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020. 17(21): p. 8030. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218030

[6] World Economic Forum, 5 Japanese innovations that changed the world. 2016. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/5-japanese-innovations-that-changed-the-world/ (Accessed: 29 July 2024)

[7] Bloomberg, Japan: Where innovation is borderless. Available at: https://sponsored.bloomberg.com/article/jco/japan-where-innovation-is-borderless (Accessed: 29 July 2024)

Chapter 7: THR: Global Regulation

Regulation: Our Views

[1] Human D., et al, Saving Lives Like Sweden. Smoke Free Sweden 2023, 2023. Available at: Report SAVING LIVES LIKE SWEDEN_02082023_WEB.pdf (smokefreesweden.org) (Assessed: 04 July 2024)

[2] Snowdon, C., et al., Vaping Works. International Best Practises: United Kingdom, France, Canada and New Zealand. Property Rights Alliance, 2021. Available at: https://www.propertyrightsalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/PRA_VapingWorks.pdf )

Chapter 7: THR: Global Regulation

FDA Regulations 

[1] U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Premarket Tobacco Product Applications. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/market-and-distribute-tobacco-product/premarket-tobacco-product-applications(Accessed: 26 July 2024)

[2] U.S Food and Drug Administration, PMTA Acceptance Phase Metrics. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/169533/download?attachment (Accessed: 31 July 2024)

[3] U.S Food and Drug Administration, Public Law: Family smoking prevention and tobacco control and federal retirement reform. 2009. Available at: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-111publ31/pdf/PLAW-111publ31.pdf

[4] U.S Food and Drug Administration, Modified Risk Granted Orders. Available at:  https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/advertising-and-promotion/modified-risk-granted-orders (Accessed: 31 August 2024)

[5] AP News, Thousands of unauthorized vapes are pouring into the US despite the FDA crackdown on fruity flavors. 2023. Available at:https://apnews.com/article/fda-vapes-vaping-elf-bar-juul-80b2680a874d89b8d651c5e909e39e8f (Accessed: 26 July 2024)

Chapter 7: THR: Global Regulation

Illicit trade in Smokeless Products and the risks of it undermining global Tobacco Harm Reduction

[1] American Lung Association, E-cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI). Available at:  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/evali (Accessed: 31 July 2024)

[2] Triantafyllou, G.A., et al., Long-term outcomes of EVALI: a 1-year retrospective study. Lancet, 2021. 9(12), p.e112. DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00415-X

[3] ECigIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for the e-Cigarette Sector, ECigIntelligence market database, July Report. 2024.

[4] Ulep, V.G., et al. Measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries. Global Health, 2021. 17, 130. DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00783-4

[5]AP News, 5 takeaways from the AP’s report on Chinese disposable e-cigarettes flooding the US market. 2023. Available at: https://apnews.com/article/fda-vapes-vaping-elf-bar-juul-5e45cf57dc78f6b94213047c97b10f7e (Accessed: 7 August 2024)

Chapter 8: THR: Scientific Engagement

Communicating Our Science: Peer-Reviewed Publications

[1] Office for Health Improvement & Disparities, Nicotine vaping in England: 2022 evidence update main findings, 2022. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nicotine-vaping-in-england-2022-evidence-update/nicotine-vaping-in-england-2022-evidence-update-main-findings (Accessed 18 July 2024)

[2] International Agency for Research on Cancer, Word Health Organization, Are e-cigarettes less harmful than conventional cigarettes? Available at: https://cancer-code-europe.iarc.fr/index.php/en/ecac-12-ways/tobacco/247-are-e-cigarettes-less-harmful-than-conventional-cigarettes

[3] Science and Technology Committee, E-cigarettes. Seventh Report of Session 2017-19. House of Commons, 2018. Available at: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmsctech/505/505.pdf (Accessed: 26 July 2024)

Chapter 9: Our Future Outlook

Measuring BAT's Transformation

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[3] European Commission, Europe's Beating Cancer Plan. Available at: https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-02/eu_cancer-plan_en_0.pdf

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[5] Tobaksfakta, The Swedish Government aims at Smoke Free Sweden 2025. 2016. Available at: https://tobaksfakta.se/the-swedish-government-aims-at-smoke-free-sweden-2025/. (Accessed 14 August 2024)

[6] Ramström, L., Wikmans, T., Mortality attributable to tobacco among men in Sweden and other European countries: an analysis of data in a WHO report. Tob Induc Dis., 2014.12(1):14. DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-12-14.

[7] TobaccoIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for Alternative Tobacco & Nicotine Products, Heated Tobacco Market Database, Quarter 1 Report. 2024

[8] ECigIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for the e-Cigarette Sector, ECigIntelligence market database, July Report. 2024

[9] TobaccoIntelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for Alternative Tobacco & Nicotine Products, Nicotine Pouch Market Database, Quarter 1 Report. 2024

Chapter 9: Our Future Outlook

Tobacco Harm Reduction: The Way Forward

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[2] NHS, Vaping myths and facts. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/vaping-to-quit-smoking/vaping-myths-and-the-facts/#:~:text=Myth%202%3A%20Nicotine%20is%20very%20harmful%20to%20health&text=It%20is%20the%20many%20other,to%20help%20people%20stop%20smoking. (Accessed: 15 July 2024)

[3] AP news. Insider Q&A: FDA official on vaping’s “promise or peril”. 2022. Available at: https://apnews.com/article/science-health-public-tobacco-industry-regulation-6af0d635d7859bab914cc249ef43b6e2. (Accessed: 17 July 2024)

[4] U.S. Food & Drug Administration. CTP Director Discusses Opportunities and Considerations for Addressing Misperceptions About the Relative Risks of Tobacco Products Among Adults Who Smoke. 2023. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/ctp-newsroom/ctp-director-discusses-opportunities-and-considerations-addressing-misperceptions-about-relative#:~:text=The%20survey%20found%20that%20only,cigarettes%20being%20the%20most%20harmful. (Accessed 8 August 24)

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[6] Government of Canada, Vaping and quitting smoking. 2023. Available at: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/smoking-tobacco/vaping/quit-smoking.html. (Accessed 19 July 2024)

[7] Travis N., et al., The Potential Impact of Oral Nicotine Pouches on Public Health: A Scoping Review, Nicotine Tob Res, 2024. p. ntae131. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae131

[8] Vaping Facts, Our position on vaping, Ministry of Health. Available at: https://vapingfacts.health.nz/our-position-on-vaping.html (Accessed 19 July 2024)