Our Capabilities

Laboratory equipment for vape testing
17 September 2024

CHAPTER 4 . OUR SMOKELESS SCIENCE

Our Capabilities

Our transformation is underpinned by our purpose of reducing the health impact of our business. 


To enable our transformation, we strive to encourage adult smokers, who would otherwise continue to smoke, to switch to reduced-risk*† Smokeless Products. Our focus continues to be on finding and developing new innovations and products and establishing data-based insights that evolve our innovation strategy to create products that could reduce the burden on global public health.

We are dedicated to innovation through every thread of the company, and we believe that success and longevity will be achieved through a science-based transformation.

Over the last decade, we have embedded the innovation of Smokeless Products in our organisation. This ensures the correct behaviours, structures and practices are in place to enable innovation to thrive. Added to that has been the evolution of our technical capabilities to enable the development of consumer loved products and the increased capabilities to scientifically assess their impact on public health.

Scientist examining vial in lab

We are in our eighth decade of research and development having established R&D sites in the U.S. and UK in the 1950s. Back then, when BAT principally sold cigarettes, the focus was predominantly on the chemical and toxicological evaluation of cigarette smoke. With the advent of improved analytical techniques, novel spectroscopic methods enabled the accurate identification of individual compounds in cigarette smoke, even those present at very low (micro-or nano-gram) levels. 

Biology advanced with the creation of novel laboratory methodologies that could assess the toxicological impact of cigarette smoke while in parallel, biotechnology and specifically molecular biology techniques were applied to mapping the tobacco genome. The first clinical studies were conducted in the 1980s and 1990s to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of novel tobacco products and with the advent of novel Tobacco Heating products, more sophisticated clinical studies were conducted to enable the measurement of Biomarkers of Exposure.

A glimpse of our science through time

American flag waving on beach

1953

Reynolds R&D established

British flag waving in breeze

1956

Southampton R&D established

Scientists working in laboratory

1960s

Chemistry dominates

Scientist examining sample in lab

1970s

Greater focus on smoking behaviour and biology

Testing equipment

1980s

Biotechnology embraced

Researchers analyzing data in lab

1990s

Increasingly sophisticated analytical techniques to measure smoke constituents

Scientist using breathing apparatus

2000s

Advances in biology: biomarkers, diverse cell and tissue systems 

Electronic cigarette testing equipment

2010s

Major focus on reduced-risk products

Scientists examining lab sample

2011

BAT and Reynolds R&Ds begin to collaborate

BAT logo on blue background

2017

BAT acquires the remaining share of Reynolds in 2017

Today’s multi-disciplinary R&D builds on the strong legacy of those origins, where we conduct research using multiple core scientific disciplines, aligned to our scientific assessment framework (Figure 1).

This approach to our transformation has married recruiting new talent from other industries with specific new skillsets, alongside a focussed technical capability development program of our longer-tenure scientists. 

Figure 1. Our Science Capabilities and our 9-Step Risk Assessment Framework

Diagram of tobacco product risk assessment stages

Figure 2. Science Capabilities Architecture

Chemistry

Thermodynamics

Combustion Chemistry

Untargeted Analysis

Mainstream Aerosol Components

Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents

Sidestream Aerosol Components

Environmental Aerosol Analysis 

Chemometrics

Toxicology

Quantitative Risk Analysis

Physiological Based

Pharmacokinetic [PBPK] Analysis 

Toxicology

Mutagenicity

Cytotoxicity

Genotoxicity 

Systems Biology

21st Century Toxicology

Organ on a Chip

Clinical Research

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

Abuse Liability

Biomarkers of Exposure

Safety Monitoring

Disease Markers

Quality of Life 

Biomarkers of Compliance

Clinical Research

Ethics

Disease Assessment

Adverse Outcome Pathways

Inflammation

Endothelial Function

Lipid Metabolism

Oxidative Stress

Clotting

Lung Function 

Population Health

Impact

Real World Data

Real World Evidence

Dynamic Population Modelling

Consumer Risk Perception Studies

Smoker Migration

Longitudinal Consumer

Behavioural Analysis 

Consumer Intentions and Perceptions

Epidemiology

Consumer Assessment

Neuroscience

Bioactive Pathway Analysis

Receptor Analysis 

Calcium Imaging

Genomics

Need State Methodologies

Consumer Use Behaviour

Human Factors

Topography

Session Consumption

Daily Consumption

Product Preferences

Actual Use

Consumer Switching 

Health Wearables

Consumer Impact Science

Chemosensory

Olfactory Science

Gustatory Science

Material Odour

Human Odour Assessment

Teeth Staining

Skin Staining 

Indoor Air Quality

Digital Data

Data Standards

Statistical Analysis

Scientific Computing 

Sparce Data

Algorithms

Meta Analysis

Artificial intelligence 

Actual Use 

Machine Learning

We utilised the following ethos as we built our technical capabilities (Figure 2):

 

  • Chemistry: Advance from 2-D to 3-D chemical assessment incorporating the latest techniques that would enable characterisation of both whole aerosols in addition to the quantification of single molecules more accurately.
  • Toxicology: Adoption of state-of-the-art Toxicological methods, building on expertise in classical toxicology, to enable more disease relevant assessment with a focus on reducing animal testing to a minimum via 21st Century Toxicology and novel Organ on a Chip methodologies.
  • Consumer Use Behaviour: While smoker use behaviour has been measured for decades, augment techniques to enable measurement of Smokeless Products and how they impact adult consumers' lives.
  • Consumer Assessment: As we continue to encourage adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke to switch to Smokeless Products, we are developing a range of techniques that enable better assessment of products that meet consumer preferences.
  • Consumer Impact Science: Learn from other industries to develop novel scientific assessment methods that would measure the impact of    Smokeless Products on adult smokers, in terms of personal hygiene and social consideration.
  • Clinical Research: Create a suite of foundational clinical techniques that enables the assessment of the risk profile of our Smokeless Products relative to smoking.
  • Disease Assessment: Augment classical clinical study methodologies to develop longer term clinical studies with Biomarkers of Potential Harm that are adaptable to novel Adverse Outcome Pathways methodologies.
  • Population Health Impact: Entering into the second decade of transformation, changes in disease outcomes for adult smokers who have completely switched to Smokeless Products (as compared to continued smoking) are expected. Adapting cutting edge technologies and methodologies from the pharmaceutical industry and public health research would enable the measurement of morbidity related outcomes at a population level.

 

Lastly, Digital Data was one discipline that was required across all of the capabilities. A look at the evolution of the data landscape, at how technology is helping businesses solve for today, and how the data analysis that’s possible today can provide us with a new understanding of how we can perform better in the future. Our ethos in augmenting our expertise on Digital Data is based on continuing to build expertise in the classical fields of statistical modelling and analytics, to bringing in novel techniques, which enable the analysis of sparse data and the creation of machine learning systems.

 

Our ethos in R&D is one of continual improvement where we strive for quantum leaps in our capabilities, but also continually seek the small percentage gains. We envision that advancing our technical capabilities will continue as one of the most important factors in developing and assessing the impact of Smokeless Products on global public health.

Disclaimers

* Based on the weight of evidence and assuming a complete switch from cigarette smoking. These products are not risk free and are addictive.

† Our products as sold in the U.S., including Vuse, Velo, Grizzly, Kodiak, and Camel Snus, are subject to FDA regulation and no reduced-risk claims will be made as to these products without agency clearance.

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