Smoking: A Global Overview

6 December 2023
CHAPTER 3: Impact of Smoking

Smoking: A Global Overview

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By 2022 the smoking prevalence rate for males was more than four times the rate for females


Chart showing smoking among men four times more prevalent than women

Smoking prevalence illustration for males and females

Humankind has been using tobacco for millennia, and today there are one billion adult smokers across the globe.[1] Global smoking rates are at their lowest in decades and the volume of cigarettes consumed globally on an annual basis has reduced by 18% over the last decade.

In 2020, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), 21.7% of the world’s population aged 15 years or older used tobacco: 35.5% of men and 7.9% of women. Projections to 2030 see further reductions in tobacco use rates. However, WHO predicts that around 18.1% of the world’s population will still use tobacco.[2] 

Prevalence of tobacco use amongst men and women has changed over the past two decades. In 2000, the proportion of males using any form of tobacco was three times greater than the proportion of female consumers. The decline in prevalence among female adult smokers has been greater than males. By 2022 the rate for males was more than four times the rate for females (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Global tobacco smoking prevalence has declined continually since 2000 [2]

Graph showing global smoking prevalence has declined continually since 2000

1 billion

adult smokers across the globe[1]

>70%

of global tobacco use is cigarette smoking

20%

of tobacco is consumed as Oral Tobacco Products


Change in prevalence by country, 1990-2019

Figure 2. Change in smoking prevalence by country, 1990-2019

World map showing countries where smoking prevalence has increased or decreased since 1990

While the proportion of the global smoking population is declining, the total number of adult smokers has remained at around one billion smokers since 1990[3],[1], due to an overall rise in the global population. China and countries in both Africa and the Western Pacific regions have seen the greatest increases in the number of adult smokers over the last three decades (Figure 2)[3].

Now over 80% of the 1 billion adult smokers live in low- and middle-income countries. Whilst the use of Smokeless Products is increasing globally, the most common form of tobacco use is still cigarette smoking at 71.5% of total tobacco use[2].

Aerial view of a busy pedestrian crossing with many people walking across white striped crosswalks on a city street

Sources

A full list of references for this page can be found in the section 11. References.

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