Reduced-Risk*† Products (RRPs), whether they are Heated Products, Vapour Products or Oral Nicotine Pouches, are all relatively new. While we are still understanding their long-term effects, we know that in the short-term, our Smokeless Products are less risky than smoking. Absent conclusive epidemiology, there is no single test that would determine that a new product is, for certain, reduced risk compared to another. So scientists both from industry[1-5] and from public health[6,7,8] have set out a series of tests that, when taken as a whole, would help give confidence to comparative risk assessments.